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回收式自体输血在心脏外科术后的应用

文章来源:发布日期:2009-08-08浏览次数:81107

作者:佟鑫,刘长江,赵 斌,苏华田,夏 添,李艳玲,谢海龙,霍冬艳    作者单位:吉化集团公司总医院心脏外科,吉林 吉林 130021

【摘要】  目的 探讨CBC ⅡConstaVacTM型一次性回输器回收自体引流血回输在心脏外科手术后的应用。方法 选自2007年8月至2008年8月,我院对20例心外科手术患者通过血液回输装置施行了非洗涤过滤式自体引流血回输。结果 该组每个病例回输自体血量不等,多回输血量1350 ml,少回输血量115 ml,平均每个病例回输自体血量占平均引流血量的比例为43.82%。平均减少了40%以上的异体血输入量。20例患者均未见不良反应及并发症。结论 CBC ⅡConstaVacTM型一次性回输器回收自体引流血回输在心脏外科手术后的应用效果良好,这一技术值得推广应用。

【关键词】  自体输血; 血液回收;心脏外科;手术

回收式自体输血是将患者术后出血或体腔积血回收处理后再回输给本人。近年来临床外科用血日益增多,血源日趋紧张,尤其稀有血型供血困难,而且异体输血费用高,可能带来不良反应和传染性疾病的传播,以及边远地区医疗条件不足,因此自体血液回收的应用越来越受到大家的重视。尤其心脏外科手术患者,引起术后引流血量较多原因包括:① 开胸后创面比较大,渗血量较多;② 术中应用肝素抗凝;③ 手术中体外循环转流对凝血功能造成不同程度的破坏。因此术中及术后出血量较多,常需大量输血,将术后引流血回输,可大大减少异体血输注及经输血感染传播疾病的潜在危险。现将本院2007年8月~2008年8月间心外科手术患者应用自体引流血回输的病例报告如下。

  1 资料与方法

  1.1 临床资料 自2007年8月至2008年8月间,共应用20例,其中男8例,女 12例,年龄6~78(53)岁;其中心脏外科手术种类包括:非体外循环下冠状动脉移植术10例、先天性心脏病矫治手术5例、心脏瓣膜置换术5例。

  1.2 输血器材及自血回输方法 CBC ⅡConstaVacTM型一次性回输器(Stryker公司)是一种用于术后采集、过滤和自体血回输的全封闭的血液回输系统,它采用脂肪过滤网及脂肪分离阀双重保护装置,大限度地保障回输血液的净度,防止脂肪栓塞的形成;采用非洗涤过滤式引流血回输[1];术中在心包和纵隔分别留置1条引流管,将术后引流血经一次性回输器除去大颗粒物质,不用洗涤,滤膜滤过后直接回输给患者。

  2 结 果

  针对心脏外科手术后早期引流血量比较多的特点,同时为了预防和减少不良反应,手术后应用自体血液回输装置的时间均为24 h以内。手术后每个病例平均引流血液量1259.1 ml。每个病例回输自体血量不等,多回输血量1350 ml,少回输血量115 ml,平均每个病例回输血量551.75ml。平均回输自体血量占平均引流血量的比例为43.82%。平均减少了40%以上的异体血输入量。

  3 讨 论

  在心脏外科临床实践中,由于术后早期引流血量较多,输血必然成为一项重要的治疗措施,近年来临床外科用血日益增多,血源日趋紧张,尽管异体输血在安全性较以往有了较大的提高,目前同种异体输血引起的不良反应和输血后传染性疾病的传播仍不断见到报道,而且异体输血费用高,尤其稀有血型供血困难,以及边远地区医疗条件不足,因此自体血液回收的应用越来越受到大家的重视。通过在我院心脏外科手术后早期应用CBC ⅡConstaVacTM型一次性回输器,平均回输自体血量占平均引流血量的比例为43.82%;平均减少了约40%的异体血输入量,与相关文献报道的使用自体引流血回输可减少50%~90%异体血输入[2]接近。因此CBC ⅡConstaVacTM的应用符合心脏外科手术后引流血量变化大的特点,降低了发生输血反应的风险,明显减少了异体血用量。而术后自体引流血回输引起不良反应极少见,但也有报道可达2.1%[3],其中常见的是发热反应、过敏反应和非发热性非溶血性反应。大量的非洗涤引流血回输还可能引起机体凝血机制异常,可能与引流血的纤维蛋白原、抗血小板活性下降,D-二聚体、纤维蛋白分解产物、凝血酶升高等有关[4]。但在本组20例病例中,均未见不良反应发生,且均出院,随访至今良好。

  术后自体引流血回输在国内心脏外科领域仍未见报道。我们通过对20例心脏病手术患者的初步应用,认为这一技术简便易行、节约血源、安全有效,减少了输血的时间,提高了临床急救的工作效率。对于心脏外科术后出血量较多的患者应用自体血液回输装置具有一定的必要性,值得推广应用。

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