经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)是目前冠心病特别是急性心肌梗死(AMI)的治疗手段。研究已明确证实PCI可显著降低患者死亡率并可明显改善预后。但冠状动脉开通后的心肌再灌注损伤仍不可忽视。令人惊讶的是,针对再灌注损伤的治疗可减少近50%的MI面积,换句话说就是再灌注损伤所致心肌坏死面积占终MI面积的50%。Word天呐!面对再灌注损伤,我们应该如何应对?本文总结新研究进展,教大家几招减少MI面积的方法。
以上均是针对心肌再灌注损伤的单一治疗方法,如多种方法结合是否可得到更多获益。研究发现RIC结合艾塞钠肽可额外减少26%MI面积,另外发现RIC结合IPost可提高心肌存活率。
参考文献
[1] Staat P, Rioufol G, Piot C, et al. Postconditioning the human heart. Circulation 2005;112:2143–2148.
[2] Hofsten DE, Kelbaek H, Helqvist S, et al. The Third DANish Study of Optimal Acute Treatment of Patients with ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Ischemic postconditioning or deferred stent implantation versus conventional primary angioplasty and complete revascularization versus treatment of culprit lesion only: Rationale and design of the DANAMI 3 trial program. Am Heart J 2015;169:613–621.
[3] Kitakaze M, Asakura M, Kim J, et al. Human atrial natriuretic peptide and nicorandil as adjuncts to reperfusion treatment for acute myocardial infarction ( J-WIND): two randomised trials. Lancet 2007;370:1483–1493.
[4] Ong SB, Samangouei P, Kalkhoran SB, et al. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore and its role in myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015;78C:23–34.
[5] Cung TT, Morel O, Cayla G, et al. Cyclosporine before PCI in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction. N Engl J Med 2015;373:102–131.
[6] Lonborg J, Vejlstrup N, Kelbaek H et al. Exenatide reduces reperfusion injury in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2012;33:1491–1499.
[7] Sivaraman V, Pickard JM, Hausenloy DJ. Remote ischaemic conditioning: cardiac protection from afar. Anaesthesia 2015;70:732–748.
[8] Yellon DM, Ackbarkhan AK, Balgobin V, et al. Remote ischemic conditioning reduces myocardial infarct size in STEMI patients treated by thrombolysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015;65:2764–2765.
[9] Wei M, Xin P, Li S, et al. Repeated remote ischemic postconditioning protects against adverse left ventricular remodeling and improves survival in a rat model of myocardial infarction. Circ Res 2011;108:1220–1225.
[10] Ibanez B, Prat-Gonzalez S, Speidl WS, et al. Early metoprolol administration before coronary reperfusion results in increased myocardial salvage: analysis of ischemic myocardium at risk using cardiac magnetic resonance. Circulation 2007;115:2909–2916.
[11] Alburquerque-Bejar JJ, Barba I, Inserte J, et al. Combination therapy with remote ischaemic conditioning and insulin or exenatide enhances infarct size limitation in pigs. Cardiovasc Res 2015;107:246–254.
[12] Eitel I, Stiermaier T, Rommel KP, et al. Cardioprotection by combined intrahospital remote ischaemic perconditioning and postconditioning in ST-elevation myocardial infarction: the randomized LIPSIA CONDITIONING trial. Eur Heart J Published Online First: Sept 17th 2015.