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当前位置:首页 > 医疗器械资讯 > 学术论文 > 尿脱落细胞6号染色体长臂的微卫星改变诊断膀胱肿瘤

尿脱落细胞6号染色体长臂的微卫星改变诊断膀胱肿瘤

文章来源:创新医学网发布日期:2013-05-03浏览次数:28567

作者:成凡,楚雍烈,贺大林,杨林,陈萍,杨娥
  【Abstract】AIM: To investigate the microsatellite alteration (MA) at chromosome 6q in the early diagnosis of bladder tumor and to study whether the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at 6q is related to the development of bladder tumor. METHODS: D6S404 and D6434 microsatellite markers near 6q21 were tested by PCRSSLPstain method in both the urine sediment DNA and tumor DNA from 31 cases of bladder tumor. RESULTS: Among the 31 cases of bladder tumor, 64.5% of the tumor tissue DNA and 581% of the urine sediments DNA showed MA, while the 10 nonbladdertumor cases had no changes at either of the two loci. The result was not associated with the grade or stage of the tumor. LOH was detected in tumor tissues on site for D6S404 (355%) and D6S434 (226%). CONCLUSION: Microsatellite analysis of urine sediments is of significance in the early diagnosis of bladder tumor and there may be some tumor suppressor gene relevant to the development of bladder tumor near 6q21.

  【Keywords】 bladder neoplasms; urine sediment; microsatellite alteration; chromosome 6q

  【摘 要】目的: 探讨尿脱落细胞6q的微卫星改变(MA)在膀胱肿瘤早期诊断中的应用价值,并研究6q的杂合性缺失(LOH)与膀胱肿瘤的关系. 方法: 应用6q21区域附近D6S404,D6S434微卫星标志,以PCRSSLP银染法对31例膀胱肿瘤的尿脱落细胞与肿瘤组织进行微卫星分析. 结果: 645%的肿瘤组织和581%的尿脱落细胞发生MA;10例非膀胱肿瘤对照未出现MA;检出率与肿瘤分期,分级无相关性;肿瘤组织D6S404 LOH 发生率355%,D6S434 LOH发生率 226%.结论: 尿脱落细胞微卫星分析有早期诊断意义;6q21区域附近可能存在与膀胱肿瘤相关的肿瘤抑制基因.

  【关键词】 膀胱肿瘤;尿脱落细胞;微卫星改变;6号染体长臂
  0 引言

  膀胱肿瘤是常见恶性肿瘤[1],尿脱落细胞中有95%为肿瘤细胞,微卫星改变(microsatellite alteration, MA)是肿瘤的常见现象,包括微卫星不稳定性(microsatellite instability, MSI)和杂合性缺失(loss of heterozygosity, LOH).对膀胱肿瘤MA进行研究发现,其MA常见于9号染色体,显示与肿瘤的发生关系密切.在其他肿瘤研究中注意到,6号染色体长臂(6q)MA与肿瘤的关系甚为重要,发现了一些抑癌基因.膀胱肿瘤细胞6q上MA的研究,国外刚刚起步,国内尚无研究报道,值得深入研究.

  1 材料和方法
  1.1 材料 膀胱肿瘤患者31例,取肿瘤标本,术前膀胱冲洗液及外周血.G1,G2,G3级肿瘤分别为17,8,6例;PTa,PT1,PT2,PT3分别为2,20,4,5例.同时收集10例非膀胱肿瘤患者的血,尿作为对照.DNA提取纯化试剂盒购自上海Sangon生物工程技术有限公司(Tab 1).

  表1 微卫星引物序列及定位(略)

  Tab 1 Primer sequences for microsatellite loci (略)

  1.2 方法 基因组DNA的制备参照DNA提取纯化试剂盒说明.选择染色体6q21区域附近D6S404,D6S434两个微卫星位点,引物序列通过NCBI数据库获得,由上海Sangon生物工程技术有限公司合成. PCR扩增反应体系50 μL,DNA模板30~50 ng.反应参数为: 94℃预变性4 min;94℃ 50 s,58℃ 50 s,72℃ 60 s,共30个循环;72℃充分终延伸5 min. PCR扩增产物用20 g?L-1琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测.变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,银染显示带型,制作干胶片.将血,尿及肿瘤组织DNA的PCR产物同时比较,以血为正常对照,当尿或肿瘤组织的某一位点电泳条带增加,带的移动或带的密度增加,记为MSI;若某一位点出现等位基因条带的消失或相对密度减少50%以上,则记为LOH.

  2 结果

  膀胱肿瘤患者尿脱落细胞中MA阳性率达581%,其中MSI发生率226%,LOH发生率484%,显著高于同期进行的尿细胞学检查阳性率105%;10例对照无一例出现MA;肿瘤组织DNA MA阳性率645%,其中MSI发生率226%,LOH发生率516%,D6S404 LOH率355%,D6S434 LOH率226%.变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直电泳图谱见Fig 1.利用Fisher精确概率法检验G1与G2, G3级肿瘤之间MA阳性率无差异,检验浅表型肿瘤(Ta, T1合并)与侵袭型肿瘤(T2,T3合并)之间无差异.

  B:Blood; U:Urine sediment; T:Tumor. →:LOH;:MSI.

  图1 变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直电泳图谱(略)

  Fig 1 Map of PCRSSLP(略)

  3 讨论

  尿脱落细胞微卫星分析诊断膀胱肿瘤较方便[2,3].膀胱肿瘤MA常见于9号染色体,且多为早期肿瘤,近来6号染色体与膀胱肿瘤的关系受到研究重视.Tomovska等[4]报道膀胱肿瘤频发6P22的MA.各种肿瘤中均有频繁的6q LOH发生,如乳腺癌,卵巢癌,白血病, 肺癌[5],胃癌等,提示6q上存在TSG,其丢失是人类肿瘤发生的早发事件.Bernues等对膀胱肿瘤研究发现6 q是第二个频发LOH的区域.An等[6]发现与膀胱肿瘤发生具有相关性的一个基因定位在6q2324.国外对膀胱肿瘤6q上MA的研究刚刚起步,国内仍未见报道,值得深入研究.

  6q21区域是多种肿瘤频发MA的部位,也是6q上已确定的癌基因与TSG较聚集的区域,我们选择该区域D6S404,D6S434两个微卫星位点,以PCRSSLP(simple sequence length polymorphism)银染法对31例膀胱肿瘤的尿脱落细胞DNA与肿瘤组织DNA同时进行微卫星分析.

  结果显示,31例膀胱肿瘤中,尿脱落细胞出现MA的阳性率(581%)明显高于尿细胞学检查结果(105%).10例正常人尿脱落细胞无一出现MA,表明检测尿脱落细胞MA诊断膀胱肿瘤具有很高的敏感性和特异性.膀胱肿瘤组织MA阳性率645%,在各级各期肿瘤中无差异,提示6q的微卫星改变与膀胱肿瘤的发生发展具有相关性,而与肿瘤的分级分期无关,在6q21区域附近上可能存在与肿瘤的发生发展密切相关的癌基因和(或)抑癌基因.张建军等[7]对无MA存在的一些膀胱肿瘤组织,经显微切割制备的DNA在多个位点表现出异常,证明正常组织混杂可造成假阴性.如果肿瘤的遗传学异常超出所选择位点范围,微卫星分析可能漏诊.尿脱落细胞微卫星分析是基于肿瘤DNA异常的分析方法,而尿细胞学检查是基于形态学异常的方法,其优势在于在众多的细胞中找到一个癌细胞便能对临床诊断提供支持,尿脱落细胞微卫星分析不能取代尿细胞学检查[8].

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